evidence of brain gain
in Maryland

Notes

  1. Maryland Higher Education Commission, Fall Enrollment by Place of Residence (May 2019), see Page 65.
  2. Out-of-state:  A student that is not a resident of Maryland.  Residency is determined by using the following indicators: (a) Geographic code of foreign (001), U.S. State Unknown (100), U.S. State Known (101 to 199), or 000 (Unknown); (b) Residency Code of Non-Maryland Resident; and U.S. Citizenship status of Non-resident alien.
  3. Graduate: A student with a degree awarded date within the academic year (July to June) at the undergraduate level of Certificate, Associate's or Bachelor's and no current enrollment records in 2017.  Out-of-state graduates still enrolled in a Maryland college in 2017 are not included in graduate counts. Students are only counted once at their highest degree level as of 2017, therefore the totals represent the numbers of students graduating rather than the number of degrees conferred. Each student is counted only once.  If a student received more than one degree, the following preferences are applied: (a) Associate’s over Certificate; (b) Bachelor’s over Certificate; and (c) Bachelor’s over Associate’s.
  4. Community College and Four-Year Public Institutions are listed below.  State-Aided Independent postsecondary institutions are not included in this analysis because prior to 2014, they did not provide unit record data on students enrolled from out-of-state.

Community Colleges
1. Allegany College of Maryland
2. Anne Arundel Community College
3. Baltimore City Community College
4. Carroll Community College
5. Cecil College
6. Chesapeake College
7. College of Southern Maryland
8. Community College of Baltimore County
9. Frederick Community College
10. Garrett College
11. Hagerstown Community College
12. Harford Community College
13. Howard Community College
14. Montgomery College
15. Prince George's Community College
16. Wor-Wic Community College
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Four-Year Public Institutions
1. Bowie State University
2. Coppin State University
3. Frostburg State University
4. Morgan State University
5. Salisbury University
6. St. Mary's College of Maryland
7. Towson University
8. University of Baltimore
9. University of Maryland, Eastern Shore
10. University of Maryland, Global Campus
11. University of Maryland, Baltimore
12. University of Maryland, Baltimore County
13. University of Maryland College Park

  1. MLDS Wage data are from Unemployment Insurance (UI) filings and therefore only includes wages for employees who work for a business required to file UI.  Federal government (including the military), certain non-profits, and self-employed/independent contractors do not file UI.  MLDSC data do not include information on out-of-state employment.  It is incorrect to assume that graduates not counted as “employed” are unemployed.
  2. State-Aided Independent postsecondary institutions are not included in this analysis because prior to 2014, they did not provide unit record data on students enrolled from out-of-state.
  3. For example, see Abel, Jaison R. and Richard Deits (2016).  Underemployment in early careers of college graduations following the great recession.  NBER Working Paper #22654; Oreopoulos, Philip, Till von Wachter, and Andrew Heisz.  (2012). The Short- and Long- Term Career Effects of Graduating in a Recession.  American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 4(1): 1-29.
  4. United States, Congress, Senate, Joint Economic Committee – Republicans.  Losing Our Minds:  Brain Drain across the United States, Social Capital Project Report No. 2-19, April 2019.  See the full report here.
  5. Retaining college grads recipe for economic growth, Daily Journal, November 23, 2018
  6. 2021 Data Book, Maryland Higher Education Commission, see page 4.
  7. See note 5 above.
  8. The report uses data from the Integrated Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) data from the 1940 through 2000 decennial censuses and the 2010 and 2017 American Community Survey (ACS).
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menu

There are four sections to this report.  The Introduction provides background information and defines important terms. The Analysis section examines data on the number of out-of-state graduates who remain in the Maryland workforce. The Discussion section considers the importance of the topic, next steps for research, a national perspective, and policy implications. Finally, the Notes provide links to sources, additional information, and important limitations of the data.

Analysis

Discussion

introduction